Cow Hocks
Feb 09, 2025
What are cow hocks?
Cow hocks are a structural deviation in dogs where the the hindlimb is externally rotated outward, with the hocks pointing towards one another and the paws pointing outward.
Cow-hocks can result from a structural fault resulting from the fundamental structure the dog (or conformation), but not always. Historically, it was thought to be exclusively a fault, but often, cow hocks are a result of poor muscle condition, compensation as a result of other issues such as hip displasia or injuries, postural issues, or simply insufficient conditioning, or the combination of a structure and consequent uneven activation of the muscles in the hind limb.
When cow hocks occur it is typically due to misalignment of the internal and external hip rotators, such that the external rotators over-shortened and overused, and the internal rotators are under-used and weak.
What dogs does it occur in?
Cow hocks are more common in some breeds, including giant breeds, working dogs and small breeds with short legs, but occur in all breeds.
Image 1. Example of cow hock
Why does it mattter? Impacts of cow hocks
Cow hocks can cause LOTS of challenges. A cow hock posture changes the way the hind limbs function, including having a major impact of how force is distributed in the limb, altering weight-bearing angles of hock, stifle (knee), and hip, causing rotational stress and potential problems in any joint from the paw up.
The rotational stress and joint angle that deviates from result in increases wear to the hip and stifle joints, accelerated cartilage wear, early onset osteo-arthritis, and increased strain on the the ligaments. Attempts to compensate for the issue impact stride length and range of motion, causing altered gait.
Compensation for the posture and issues in the hock, stifle and hip impact the whole body - transferring up the kinetic chain, and can result in spinal and shoulder issues, as well as overuse injuries in the front limbs due to attempts to offload the rear, causing an array of potential secondary issues.
There is nothing that can be done about the fundamental structural issues, but it is a MYTH that they cannot be corrected! The musculature imbalance is typically the primary challenge.
What do I do about it?
Ongoing strength and conditioning that works towards more neutral alignment primarily through increasing length in the external rotators, strength in the internal rotators, substantially improves presentation and function.
Key exercises include postural foundations and transitions, and exercises targeting adduction (movement towards the centre of the body), focusing on form and position.
Key movements include:
- Adducted stand
- Posture Sit on a correctly sized platform
- Sit to down
- Fold-back down to stand
So figure out a short term pain management plan and treat any arising pathologies if present (e.g strains, injuries), and find a canine fitness pro who can help you out with a program!
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